Search Results

Abstract

The advantages and disadvantages of using perioperative subconjunctival steroid injections in dropless cataract surgery continue to be debated. A systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central database identified five studies—two randomized controlled trials and three non-randomized studies—encompassing 70,751 eyes. Among these, 12,319 eyes (17.4%) received subconjunctival steroid injections, while 58,432 eyes (82.6%) were managed with topical steroids. The Cochrane Collaboration’s RoB 2 tool was applied for bias assessments in randomized controlled trials, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistics. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups regarding macular edema (p=0.249), visual acuity (p=0.73), or laser flare count (p=0.45). Both subconjunctival injections and topical steroids demonstrated comparable efficacy and safety in controlling postoperative inflammation after cataract surgery. Additional research is warranted to validate these conclusions.

Keywords: Cataract extraction; Phacoemulsification; Lens implantation, intraocular; Postoperative care; Intravitreal injections; Anti-inflammatory agents, non-steroidal/administration & dosage; Glucocorticoids; Triamcinolone acetonide; Research design; Randomiz

Abstract

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of autologous fat grafting for treating enophthalmos in anophthalmic sockets.
METHODS: In this prospective interventional case series, consecutive patients with anophthalmic sockets and enophthalmos were enrolled between August 2013 and July 2025. Clinical ophthalmologic examination, Hertel exophthalmometry, and orbital computed tomography scans were performed. Enophthalmos was assessed clinically and radiologically before and after orbital lipofilling with autologous fat. Fat was harvested from the inner thigh and injected into the inferolateral orbital compartment. The volume of injected fat was determined according to the degree of enophthalmos measured by Hertel exophthalmometry. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 60 months (median, 7 months).
RESULTS: Thirteen patients (13 sockets) underwent orbital autologous fat grafting using Coleman's technique. The injected fat volume ranged from 3.7 to 6 mL per procedure (median, 4.2 mL). Clinically, a reduction in enophthalmos of 1–5 mm was observed in 12 cases (median, 2 mm), which was associated with a decrease in prosthesis thickness. One patient developed a fat cyst due to anterior fat migration, and three patients required repeat grafting because of undercorrection. Computed tomography scans, available for nine patients, demonstrated a 6.8%–10.8% increase in intraorbital volume, particularly in the inferolateral quadrant. Conclusions: Clinical and radiological assessments demonstrated that lipofilling is an effective technique for restoring orbital volume in anophthalmic sockets with enophthalmos.

Keywords: Anophthalmos; Enophthalmos; Orbital volumetry; Fat grafting; Orbital reconstruction

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical losartan for treating corneal injuries and stromal fibrosis based on preclinical and clinical evidence. A systematic search was conducted in October 2024 following PRISMA guidelines across Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Studies assessing topical losartan use in animal models or human patients with corneal injury were included. No randomized clinical trials were identified. Of 750 articles screened, 12 met the inclusion criteria – seven preclinical studies and five case reports. Preclinical evidence indicated that topical losartan at 0.2-0.8 mg/dL reduced stromal opacity and myofibroblast differentiation. Higher concentrations (8-80 mg/dL) offered no additional benefit and were associated with ocular surface irritation. The five case reports included 11 patients (12 eyes); eight eyes showed visual improvement, and no adverse effects were observed at a dose of 0.8 mg/dL. Topical losartan demonstrates potential as an antifibrotic agent for corneal injuries. However, variability in outcomes and dose-related toxicity at higher concentrations highlight the need for controlled clinical trials to confirm efficacy, establish optimal dosing, and ensure safety.

Keywords: Cornea; Epithelial cells; Myofibroblasts; Corneal opacity; Losartan

Abstract

Langerhans cell histiocytosis comprises a heterogeneous range of clinical manifestations secondary to clonal proliferation of histiocytes, characterized by the accumulation of these cells in various organs and tissues. The ophthalmological component commonly involved is the orbit. Herein, we report a rare case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with eyelid involvement, which resulted in severe ocular surface complications, which subsequently significantly impacted the patient's quality of life. This case report highlights the fact that despite being rare, Langerhans cell histiocytosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of eyelid lesions. Furthermore, a multidisciplinary approach with a systemic overview is crucial for managing the ocular complications.

Keywords: Dry eye syndromes; Erdheim-Chester disease/drug therapy; Human; Female; Case reports