Showing of 1 until 15 from 216 result(s)
Search for: Lenses, intraocular; Cataract extraction; Phacoemulsification; Glaucoma; Visual field tests; Visual fields; Lens implantation, intraocular; Contrast sensitivity
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar comparativamente o limiar de sensibilidade macular da microperimetria e a estabilidade de fixação entre o primeiro (direito) e o segundo (esquerdo) olhos testados de indivíduos normais.
MÉTODOS: Trinta pacientes saudáveis foram divididos aleatoriamente em 2 grupos. Os participantes foram submetidos à microperimetria no “fast mode” e no “expert mode” no grupo I e II, respectivamente. Cada participante foi submetido a um único teste e o olho direito foi testado primeiro.
RESULTADOS: No grupo I, o limiar médio de sensibilidade macular (± DP) foi de 24,5 ± 2,3 dB e 25,7 ± 1,1 dB nos olhos direito e esquerdo, respectivamente (p=0,0415). No grupo II foi de 26,7 ± 4,5 dB e 27,3 ± 4,0 dB nos olhos direito e esquerdo, respectivamente (p=0,58). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os olhos dos dois grupos (p=0,1512). Em relação à estabilidade de fixação (avaliada no grupo microperimetria no “expert mode”), a média das porcentagens dos pontos de fixação dentro do 1 grau central da mácula (P1) ± DP foi de 87,9 ± 11,5% no olho direito e de 93,8 ± 6,6% no olho esquerdo. O teste t pareado não mostrou diferença estatística entre os olhos (p=0,140). O valor médio de P2 ± DP foi de 95,5 ± 4,9% no olho direito e 98,5 ± 2,1% no olho esquerdo. Foi demonstrado um aumento na porcentagem de pontos de fixação no segundo olho testado quando comparado ao primeiro (teste t pareado= 2,364; p=0,034). Houve correlação negativa entre o limiar de sensibilidade macular do olho direito e a duração do exame nos dois grupos (microperimetria no “expert mode”: r=-0,717; p=0,0026; microperimetria no “fast mode”: r=-0,843; p <0,0001).
CONCLUSÃO: O limiar médio de sensibilidade macular foi maior no segundo olho testado no grupo microperimetria no “fast mode” e foi semelhante nos dois olhos no “expert mode”. Nossos dados sugerem que a compreensão do exame pelo indivíduo pode impactar nos resultados da microperimetria.
Keywords: Macula lutea; Fixação ocular; Viés; Campos visuais; Acuidade visual
Abstract
Objetivos: Avaliar a estabilidade e eficácia da técnica double-flanged com sutura de 5-0 polipropileno para fixação de cataratas subluxadas aos 18 meses e as possíveis complicações desta nova técnica.
Métodos: Esta técnica utiliza um monofilamento de polipropileno 5-0 para criar dois flanges com um termocautério para fixar um Segmento de Tensão Capsular na esclera a fim de estabilizar o saco capsular subluxado. Esta técnica foi implementada em 17 olhos que necessitavam do implante de lente intraocular em casos de diálise zonular devido a trauma, síndrome de Marfan, microesferofacia, subluxação idiopática ou pós-facoemulsificação que provocou subulxação do saco capsular intraoperatória.
Resultados: O seguimento dos pacientes foi de 18 meses. A acuidade visual corrigida melhorou significativamente de 0,85 para 0,39 (logMAR), enquanto os erros de refração esféricos e cilíndricos e a pressão intraocular permaneceram estáveis. Nenhuma fotodegradação de sutura ou pseudofacodonese foi encontrada.
Conclusão: A técnica double-flanged para fixação transescleral de saco capsular com sutura de 5-0 polipropileno mostrou resultados de estabilidade de longo prazo para o complexo lente/saco capsular. Então, aparenta ser uma opção segura para cirurgia de catarata, sem necessidade pontos, em olhos com fraqueza zonular ou diálise
Keywords: Catarata; Facoemulsificação; Lente intraocular; Técnica de sutura; Acuidade visual
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência da dinâmica pupilar na curva de desfoco de olhos implantados com lente intraoculares multifocais difrativas.
MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo e randomizado realizado na Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo - Departamento de Oftalmologia. Trinta e oito pacientes foram aleatoriamente designados para receber bilateralmente lentes intraoculares SN6AD1 (n=20) (mfIOL) ou SN60WF (n=18) (aIOL). Além da acuidade visual para longe e perto, corrigida e não corrigida, e curva de desfoco, foi ainda realizada pupilometria dinâmica. A área sob a curva de desfoco foi calculada usando um modelo polinomial empírico.
RESULTADOS: Um total de 16 e 17 pacientes (n=32 e 34 olhos) completaram 1 ano de seguimento nos grupos mfIOL e aIOL, respectivamente. Não houve diferenças significativas entre grupos para as acuidades visuais seja para longe ou perto. As curvas de desfoco do grupo mfIOL mostraram um pico duplo; enquanto o SN60WF mostrou apenas um pico, típico para uma lente intraoculares monofocal. A média da área sob a curva de desfoco do grupo aIOL foi (4,66 ± 1,51 logMAR.dp), e essa é estatisticamente significante diferente da métrica do grupo mfIOL (1,99 ± 1,31 logMAR.dp). A pupila na contração máxima após a exposição a um flash de 30 cd/m2 por 1 segundo foi significativamente correlacionada com uma melhor área de foco no grupo mfIOL (r=0,54; p=0,0017), essa relação não foi observada para o grupo aIOL.
CONCLUSÃO: Estes dados indicam que quanto menor a pupila durante contração, melhor é a área sob a curva de desfoco e, portanto, o desempenho visual dos olhos implantados com essa mfIOL. Esta correlação não foi encontrada para lentes intraoculares monofocais.
Keywords: Lentes intraoculares multifocais; Pupila/fisiologia, Catarata; Facoemulsificacão
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess visual outcomes and patient satisfaction following cataract surgery involving the implantation of quad-loop intraocular lenses, including trifocal, bifocal, and toric variants.
METHODS: Information was obtained from both physical and electronic medical records of patients who underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery with implantation of different intraocular lenses between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2023. The study included individuals aged over 18 who received bilateral implantation of bifocal, trifocal, or monofocal toric intraocular lenses. Visual acuity was assessed at various postoperative time points using the logMAR scale. Quantitative variables were analyzed using mean and standard deviation.
RESULTS: A total of 92 eyes received premium intraocular lenses: 4 bifocal, 32 trifocal, 52 toric monofocal, and 4 trifocal toric lenses. The average preoperative corrected visual acuity was logMAR 0.478 ± 0.259. On the first postoperative day, the average uncorrected visual acuity was logMAR 0.301 ± 0.207. By day 30, 67.4% of eyes achieved uncorrected distance visual acuity of logMAR 0.2 or better. Patient satisfaction was high, with few reports of glare or halos.
CONCLUSION: Quad-loop intraocular lenses-including trifocal, bifocal, and toric models-demonstrated effective improvement in visual acuity and high levels of patient satisfaction. These lenses represent a suitable option for enhancing visual outcomes after cataract surgery. Additional studies with larger cohorts are recommended to confirm these results.
Keywords: Cataract extraction; Aberrometry/methods; Lenses, intraocular; Lens implantation, intraocular; Prosthesis design
Abstract
PURPOSE: Endophthalmitis is one of the most important adverse events after cataract surgery, as it can lead to total vision loss. This study aimed to describe the occurrence of endophthalmitis after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in patients treated in a community setting in Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using a database of 649 medical records of patients who underwent surgery and were followed for three months. Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).
RESULTS: The incidence of confirmed endophthalmitis was 11.94% (95% CI, 9.50-14.76), while the incidence of confirmed and probable cases was 20.50% (95% CI, 17.52-23.73). For confirmed cases, bilateral surgery and the use of lens model 3 were identified as risk factors for endophthalmitis, whereas age over 70 yr and preoperative antibiotic use were protective factors. For confirmed and probable cases, brown and yellow skin color, bilateral surgery, and the use of lens model 3 were also identified as risk factors. Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant etiological agents, and corneal edema was the main clinical manifestation. The mean duration of treatment was eight days, and 27.12% of patients used antibiotics.
CONCLUSION: The incidence observed was substantially higher than that reported in the literature, with a predominance of Gram-negative agents and an association with bilateral surgeries and the Eyeol intraocular lens model. These findings reinforce the need for continuous epidemiological surveillance and the implementation of specific biosafety and infection control protocols during cataract surgery campaigns.
Keywords: Endophthalmitis; Disease outbreaks; Phacoemulsification; Lens implantation, intraocular; Lenses, intraocular; Cataract; Risk factors; Anti-bacterial agents
Abstract
The advantages and disadvantages of using perioperative subconjunctival steroid injections in dropless cataract surgery continue to be debated. A systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central database identified five studies—two randomized controlled trials and three non-randomized studies—encompassing 70,751 eyes. Among these, 12,319 eyes (17.4%) received subconjunctival steroid injections, while 58,432 eyes (82.6%) were managed with topical steroids. The Cochrane Collaboration’s RoB 2 tool was applied for bias assessments in randomized controlled trials, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistics. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups regarding macular edema (p=0.249), visual acuity (p=0.73), or laser flare count (p=0.45). Both subconjunctival injections and topical steroids demonstrated comparable efficacy and safety in controlling postoperative inflammation after cataract surgery. Additional research is warranted to validate these conclusions.
Keywords: Cataract extraction; Phacoemulsification; Lens implantation, intraocular; Postoperative care; Intravitreal injections; Anti-inflammatory agents, non-steroidal/administration & dosage; Glucocorticoids; Triamcinolone acetonide; Research design; Randomiz
Abstract
Objetivos: A microperimetria tem sido usada há vários anos como uma forma de teste de função visual em pacientes com doenças da retina. Os valores normais de microperimetria obtidos com MP-3 ainda não foram totalmente publicados e os valores basais para sensibilidade macular topográfica e correlações com idade e sexo são necessários para estabelecer graus de comprometimento. O objetivo do trabalho é determinar valores para limiares de sensibilidade à luz e estabilidade de fixação usando o MP-3 em indivíduos normais.
Métodos: Trinta e sete voluntários saudáveis (idade: 28-68 anos), submetidos à microperimetria de limiar total usando uma estratégia de escada 4-2 (rápida) com o tamanho de estímulo padrão Goldmann III e 68 pontos de teste posicionados de forma idêntica aos do Humphrey Field Analyzer 10-2 grade de teste. A estabilidade da fixação foi registrada simultaneamente durante o teste de microperimetria. A relação entre a sensibilidade global e a idade foi calculada por meio de análise de regressão linear.
Resultados: A microperimetria foi realizada em 37 indivíduos (74 olhos). A sensibilidade média global foi de 29,01 ± 1,44 dB, intervalo: 26-31 dB. A mediana da sensibilidade central a 2° medida pelo MP-3 foi de 28,5 ± 1,77 dB (ER) e 28,75 ± 1,98 dB (OE). Os valores médios totais de estabilidade da fixação em 2° e 4° foram 80% e 96%, respectivamente. A análise de regressão linear também revelou um declínio de sensibilidade global relacionado à idade por ano de -0,051 dB ± 0,018 (ER) e -0,078 dB ± 0,021 (LE).
Conclusões: A microperimetria realizada com o MP-3 permite um exame automático, preciso e específico da topografia dos limiares de sensibilidade da retina. Os resultados deste estudo fornecem um banco de dados normal e de idade correspondente da microperimetria MP-3.
Keywords: Campos visual; Testes de campo visual; Retina; Microperímetro; Idade.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Standard automated perimetry has been the standard method for measuring visual field changes for several years. It can measure an individual’s ability to detect a light stimulus from a uniformly illuminated background. In the management of glaucoma, the primary objective of perimetry is the identification and quantification of visual field abnormalities. It also serves as a longitudinal evaluation for the detection of disease progression. The development of artificial intelligence-based models capable of interpreting tests could combine technological development with improved access to healthcare.
METHODS: In this observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study, we used an artificial intelligence-based model [Inception V3] to interpret gray-scale crops from standard automated perimetry that were performed in an ophthalmology clinic in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest between January 2018 and December 2022.
RESULTS: The study included 1,519 standard automated perimetry test results that were performed using Humphrey HFA-II-i-750 (Zeiss Meditech). The Subsequently, 70%, 10%, and 20% of the dataset were used for training, validation, and testing, respectively. The model achieved 80% (68.23%–88.9%) sensitivity and 94.64% (88.8%–98%) specificity for detecting altered perimetry results. Furthermore, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.93.
CONCLUSIONS: The integration of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis, screening, and monitoring of pathologies represents a paradigm shift in ophthalmology, enabling significant improvements in safety, efficiency, availability, and accessibility of treatment.
Keywords: Glaucoma; Disease progression; Perimetry; Visual Fields; Visual field tests; Artificial intelligence; Neural networks, computers; Machine learning
Abstract
PURPOSE: To compare endothelial corneal cell changes following cataract surgery performed by phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation, conducted by surgeons with varying levels of experience.
METHODS: Two hundred and eighty-three eyes diagnosed with cataract were included. Lens opacity was classified into three categories (I, II, and III). Surgeons were categorized into four experience levels (1, 2, 3, and 4), based on years of practice and lifetime surgeries performed. Corneal endothelial characteristics were assessed using non-contact specular microscopy, with measurements taken before surgery and 30-60 days post-surgery.
RESULTS: Pre- and postoperative endothelial analysis showed no significant differences between surgeon levels regarding visual acuity achieved, corneal thickness, and endothelial hexagonality. However, the central endothelial cell density index showed a significantly greater reduction among level 1 surgeons (p=0.026). Grade II cataracts exhibited significant variations in the central endothelial cell density (p=0.011) and average cell size, with level 1 surgeons showing the largest increases (p=0.024).
CONCLUSIONS: The analysis revealed significant differences in visual acuity and endothelial indices between surgeon experience levels, with less experienced surgeons showing greater variations and poorer performance. Clinical protocols should consider these data to establish safer training protocols.
Keywords: Cataract extraction; Phacoemulsification; Endothelium; corneal; Lens implantation, intraocular; Visual acuity; Internship and residency; Surgeons
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the effects of three different daily disposable contact lens materials on contrast sensitivity.
METHODS: The participants were aged 18–45 years, with spherical equivalent refraction between -0.50 D and -6.00 D, astigmatism below 0.75 D, and best contact lens-corrected visual acuity of 0.0 logMAR or better. Each patient was fitted binocularly with three daily disposable contact lenses made of different materials on three separate examination days. These materials were kalifilcon A, senofilcon A, and verofilcon A. The contrast sensitivity of each patient was recorded at spatial frequencies of 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree (cpd) under photopic (85 cd/m2) and mesopic (3 cd/m2) conditions.
RESULTS: The current study comprised 72 eyes of 34 female and two male patients. The mean age of the participants was 25.63 (± 0.80) years. Under photopic conditions, the participants’ contrast sensitivity was significantly better with senofilcon A than with kalifilcon A at a frequency of 12 cpd (p=0.008). Under mesopic conditions, participants’ contrast sensitivity was significantly higher with kalifilcon A than verofilcon A at 3 cpd (p=0.001), and with senofilcon A than verofilcon A at 12 cpd (p=0.004). The pre-lens non-invasive break-up times did not differ significantly between the three daily disposable contact lenses (p>0.05).
CONCLUSION: In both photopic and mesopic lighting conditions, the participants in this study exhibited differences in contrast sensitivity when wearing three different daily disposable contact lens types, despite similar visual acuity and pre-lens tear film stability results in their clinical evaluations. These findings demonstrate the potential for subjective visual complaints arising from variations in the contrast sensitivity achieved by different daily disposable contact lenses.
Keywords: Contact lenses; Contrast sensitivity; Astigmatism; Lighting; Visual acuity
Abstract
Uma paciente de 38 anos desenvolveu afacia e aniridia secundárias a um trauma, levando à perda da visão. Para melhorar sua visão, um complexo de íris e lente intraocular (Reper®) foi fixado à esclera com a técnica de flange duplo de Canabrava. Houve um aumento satisfatório na acuidade visual do paciente e nenhuma complicação foi observada durante o acompanhamento de 6 meses. A técnica de Canabrava simplifica e melhora a fixação do complexo de íris e lente intraocular na esclera. É uma opção segura que não requer retalhos ou pontos esclerais.
Keywords: Afacia/etiologia; Aniridia; Implante de lente intraocular; Lentes intraoculares; Esclera/cirurgia; Acuidade visual; Humanos; Relatos de casos.
Abstract
We present a case report detailing the successful phacoemulsification surgery with artificial iris implantation for two individuals with oculocutaneous albinism. These women suffered from cataracts, resulting in reduced visual acuity and heightened photophobia due to iris pigmentary epithelium deficiency. The patients underwent phacoemulsification along with prosthetic artificial iris implantation into the posterior chamber. This intervention resulted in improved visual acuity, reduced photophobia and glare, and an overall enhanced quality of life. Our report highlights two cases of successful phacoemulsification and artificial iris implantation in patients with oculocutaneous albinism and cataracts, leading to improved visual acuity, reduced photophobia, and enhanced quality of life. Notably, there are no prior records in South American literature of cataract surgery combined with artificial iris implantation for oculocutaneous albinism patients up to the time of this publication.
Keywords: Cataract extraction; Albinism, oculocutaneous; Lens implantation, intraocular
Abstract
Um homem de 59 anos apresentou embaçamento visual unilateral no olho esquerdo. Sua acuidade visual nesse olho era no nível de movimentos da mão. O paciente havia se submetido a uma cirurgia de facoemulsificação em que foi feita a implantação intraestromal de uma lente intraocular de câmara posterior. Foi feita a extração dessa lente intraestromal intraocular e uma nova lente intraocular foi implantada. A melhor acuidade visual corrigida final foi de 20/40 pela tabela de Snellen. Com este relato de caso, os autores desejam apontar que uma incisão de degrau único em córnea clara, quando combinada com a injeção de uma lente ocular através da incisão, pode levar a um direcionamento incorreto da lente intraocular para dentro do estroma corneano. Portanto, recomenda-se uma construção cuidadosa da incisão ao se remover uma lente intraocular direcionada incorretamente.
Keywords: Implante de lente intraocular; Lentes intraocular; Facoemulsificação; Cicatrização; Catarata; Acuidade visual
Abstract
Angle-closure glaucoma is a major cause of visual impairment worldwide, with Plateau iris syndrome presenting management challenges. We present a case report of a 58-year-old woman with advanced, uncontrolled angle-closure glaucoma and Plateau iris. Her history included laser peripheral iridotomy and three glaucoma medications in both eyes. Different treatments were implemented. For the eye with lower intraocular pressure, fewer peripheral anterior synechiae, and milder disease: phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. For the eye with more advanced disease, a two-step approach was used: slow-coagulation transscleral cyclophotocoagulation using the double-arc protocol, followed by phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation 2 months later. Both eyes achieved improved visual acuity and intraocular pressure control with fewer medications, without significant complications. This case highlights transscleral cyclophotocoagulation followed by phacoemulsification as an alternative to combined surgeries in uncontrolled angle-closure glaucoma with Plateau iris, offering a simpler technique, more predictable refractive and pressure-control outcomes, and more straightforward postoperative management.
Keywords: Glaucoma, angle-closure/surgery; Iris diseases/surgery; Laser coagulation/methods; Phacoemulsification; Lens implantation, intraocular; Case reports
Abstract
Aging and face sagging have many causes, and various techniques are used for treatment, including noninvasive procedures, such as focused ultrasound, which uses the principle of collagen regeneration by coagulative necrosis of the dermis layers using radiofrequency, but this procedure has complications. We reported a case of a 54-year-old female patient who complained of poor visual acuity in her right eye three days after a focused ultrasound facial aesthetic procedure, with the best visual acuity of 20/60. Biomicroscopy of the right eye revealed an acute cataract with three points of fibrosis extending from the posterior to the anterior capsule. The patient underwent phacoemulsification surgery with visual rehabilitation and improved vision of 20/20. We hypothesized that the occurrence of acute cataract was related to the inappropriate use of focused ultrasound.
Keywords: Cosmetic techniques; Skin aging; Rejuvenation; Ultrasonic therapy/adverse effects; High-intensity focused ultrasound ablation/methods; Cataract/etiology; Phacoemulsification; Lens implantation, intraocular; Visual acuity; Humans; Middle age; Female; Case
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