Search Results

Abstract

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os estreptococos alfa-hemolíticos isolados de endoftalmite infecciosa e ceratite e determinar sua distribuição.
Métodos: A amostra incluiu 27 e 35 isolados não-duplicados de estreptococos alfa-hemolíticos recuperados de pacientes com endoftalmite infecciosa (2002-2013) e ceratite (2008-2013), respectivamente. Os isolados foram identificados pelos testes de suscetibilidade à optoquina e bile solubilidade, utilizando um sistema de identificação bioquímica. A concentração inibitória mínima foi determinada pelo método de microdiluição em caldo. A identificação molecular foi realizada pela análise de três genes constitutivos e análise complementar de sequências multilocus. A epidemiologia molecular do Streptococcus pneumoniae foi investigada por tipagem de sequência multilocus, e a presença do gene codificador do polissacarídeo capsular foi avaliada por reação em cadeia da polymerase convencional. Os resultados foram avaliados utilizando os prontuários médicos dos pacientes.
Resultados: Os testes fenotípicos diferenciaram S. pneumoniae dos outros estreptococos alpha-hemolíticos, consistentes com identificações moleculares posteriores. S. oralis foi significativamente prevalente entre os isolados de endoftalmite, assim como S. pneumoniae nos isolados de ceratite. Foram observados altos níveis de suscetibilidade a antibióticos, incluindo vancomicina, cefalosporinas e fluoroquinolonas. Alta variabilidade genética foi detectada entre as 19 cepas de S. pneumoniae, com 15 previstas para serem encapsuladas. Os prontuários médicos dos pacientes com endoftalmite infecciosa foram revisados (n=15/27; 56%), e a acuidade visual final foi avaliada em 12 casos (44%). Muitos pacientes evoluiram para um estado final de acuidade visual de “sem percepção luminosa” (6/12; 50%), “percepção luminosa” (3/12; 25%) ou “movimentos de mãos” (1/12; 8%). Também foram revisados os prontuários médicos dos pacientes com ceratite infecciosa (n=24/35; 69%), e a acuidade visual final foi avaliada em 18 casos (51%). Da mesma foram, a maioria dos pacientes evoluiu para um estado final de acuidade visual de “sem percepção luminosa” (6/18; 33%), “percepção luminosa” (1/18; 6%) ou “movimentos de mãos” (6/18; 33%). No geral, a maioria dos pacientes evoluiu para um estado final de acuidade visual de “sem percepção luminosa” (12/30), “percepção luminosa” (4/30) ou “movimentos de mãos” (7/30).
Conclusões: A distribuição de estreptococos alfa-hemolíticos nas infecções oculares sugeriu a presença de um tropismo de tecido específico da espécie. Os prognósticos dos pacientes com infeções oculares por estreptococos foram altamente desfavoráveis e a resistência a antibióticos contribuiu não para as progressões clínicas desfavoráveis e os maus resultados.

Keywords: Endoftalmite; Ceratite; Infecções oculares bacterianas; Infecções estreptocócicas; Estreptococos viridans/isolamento & purificação; Resistência antimicrobiana a medicamentos; Fluoroquinolonas

Abstract

PURPOSE: The volume of the vitreous chamber varies with the size of the eye. The space created in the vitreous cavity by a vitrectomy is called the vitrectomized space. The volume of the vitrectomized space is strongly correlated with the axial length of the eye. This study aims to present guidelines for estimating the using participants stratified by axial length, sex, and history of cataract surgery.
METHODS: This retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study included 144 randomly selected participants who underwent vitrectomies between 2013 and 2023. Before surgery, the axial lengths of participants' eyes were measured using optical biometrics. The axial lengths of the eyes in our sample were between 20-32 mm. In all cases, a complete vitrectomy was performed, followed by complete fluid-air exchange and injection of a balanced saline solution. The volume infused was recorded.
RESULTS: The median (interquartile range; range) volume of the vitrectomized space was 6.1 (3.8; 3.1-11.3) mL in men and 6.1 (3.3; 3.2-11.2) mL in women (p=0.811). The median volume of the vitrectomized space was 5.9 (3.6; 3.1-11.2) mL in patients with phakic lenses and 6.25 (3.6; 3.3-11.3) mL in those with pseudophakic lenses (p=0.533). A positive correlation was found between the axial length and the volume of the vitrectomized space in this sample (r=0.968; p<0.001). In a cubic polynomial regression, the coefficient of determination was 0.948. Similar results were observed in both sexes and in both phakic and pseudophakic patients. The estimated cubic polynomial regression equation for this sample was VVS = 0.000589052857847605 × AL³ - 0.025114926401582700 × AL² + 0.685961117595624000 × AL - 5.088226672620790000.
CONCLUSION: We developed this axial length estimation of the volume of vitrectomized space as a guideline for the determination of vitrectomized space volume using axial length.

Keywords: Cataract extraction; Retinal perforations/surgery; Epiretinal membrane/surgery; Vitreous body; Axial length, eye; Vitrectomy; Biometry/methods; Diagnostic techniques, ophthalmological; Guidelines as topic.

Abstract

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess visual outcomes and patient satisfaction following cataract surgery involving the implantation of quad-loop intraocular lenses, including trifocal, bifocal, and toric variants.
METHODS: Information was obtained from both physical and electronic medical records of patients who underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery with implantation of different intraocular lenses between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2023. The study included individuals aged over 18 who received bilateral implantation of bifocal, trifocal, or monofocal toric intraocular lenses. Visual acuity was assessed at various postoperative time points using the logMAR scale. Quantitative variables were analyzed using mean and standard deviation.
RESULTS: A total of 92 eyes received premium intraocular lenses: 4 bifocal, 32 trifocal, 52 toric monofocal, and 4 trifocal toric lenses. The average preoperative corrected visual acuity was logMAR 0.478 ± 0.259. On the first postoperative day, the average uncorrected visual acuity was logMAR 0.301 ± 0.207. By day 30, 67.4% of eyes achieved uncorrected distance visual acuity of logMAR 0.2 or better. Patient satisfaction was high, with few reports of glare or halos.
CONCLUSION: Quad-loop intraocular lenses-including trifocal, bifocal, and toric models-demonstrated effective improvement in visual acuity and high levels of patient satisfaction. These lenses represent a suitable option for enhancing visual outcomes after cataract surgery. Additional studies with larger cohorts are recommended to confirm these results.

Keywords: Cataract extraction; Aberrometry/methods; Lenses, intraocular; Lens implantation, intraocular; Prosthesis design

Abstract

PURPOSE: Endophthalmitis is one of the most important adverse events after cataract surgery, as it can lead to total vision loss. This study aimed to describe the occurrence of endophthalmitis after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in patients treated in a community setting in Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using a database of 649 medical records of patients who underwent surgery and were followed for three months. Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).
RESULTS: The incidence of confirmed endophthalmitis was 11.94% (95% CI, 9.50-14.76), while the incidence of confirmed and probable cases was 20.50% (95% CI, 17.52-23.73). For confirmed cases, bilateral surgery and the use of lens model 3 were identified as risk factors for endophthalmitis, whereas age over 70 yr and preoperative antibiotic use were protective factors. For confirmed and probable cases, brown and yellow skin color, bilateral surgery, and the use of lens model 3 were also identified as risk factors. Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant etiological agents, and corneal edema was the main clinical manifestation. The mean duration of treatment was eight days, and 27.12% of patients used antibiotics.
CONCLUSION: The incidence observed was substantially higher than that reported in the literature, with a predominance of Gram-negative agents and an association with bilateral surgeries and the Eyeol intraocular lens model. These findings reinforce the need for continuous epidemiological surveillance and the implementation of specific biosafety and infection control protocols during cataract surgery campaigns.

Keywords: Endophthalmitis; Disease outbreaks; Phacoemulsification; Lens implantation, intraocular; Lenses, intraocular; Cataract; Risk factors; Anti-bacterial agents

Abstract

The advantages and disadvantages of using perioperative subconjunctival steroid injections in dropless cataract surgery continue to be debated. A systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central database identified five studies—two randomized controlled trials and three non-randomized studies—encompassing 70,751 eyes. Among these, 12,319 eyes (17.4%) received subconjunctival steroid injections, while 58,432 eyes (82.6%) were managed with topical steroids. The Cochrane Collaboration’s RoB 2 tool was applied for bias assessments in randomized controlled trials, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistics. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups regarding macular edema (p=0.249), visual acuity (p=0.73), or laser flare count (p=0.45). Both subconjunctival injections and topical steroids demonstrated comparable efficacy and safety in controlling postoperative inflammation after cataract surgery. Additional research is warranted to validate these conclusions.

Keywords: Cataract extraction; Phacoemulsification; Lens implantation, intraocular; Postoperative care; Intravitreal injections; Anti-inflammatory agents, non-steroidal/administration & dosage; Glucocorticoids; Triamcinolone acetonide; Research design; Randomiz

Abstract

PURPOSE: To determine the impact of prophylactic intracameral cefuroxime administration on the post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis rates and analyze its safety.
METHODS: The incidence of post-phacoemulsification endophthalmitis before and after the introduction of antibiotic prophylaxis with cefuroxime was compared. Data were extracted from the electronic medical records of patients who underwent cataract surgery between July 2019 and July 2022 at a tertiary-care hospital. Data were also collected from the Hospital Infection Control Service database. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the efficacy of cefuroxime prophylaxis in reducing endophthalmitis rates.
RESULTS: Of the 4459 cataract surgeries included in the study, 2247 were included in the control group (pre-cefuroxime), and 2212 were included in the post-cefuroxime (ATB-P) Group. In the control group, 6 (0.13%) cases of endophthalmitis were reported. In the ATB-P Group, there were no cases of acute endophthalmitis. The frequency of endophthalmitis was significantly higher in the control group than in the ATB-P Group (p=0.016). Furthermore, Staphylococcus sp. was the most identified causative agent (75%). No adverse effects were reported after cefuroxime administration.
CONCLUSION: The introduction of intracameral prophylaxis with cefuroxime significantly reduced the incidence of post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis. Additionally, its administration is safe.

Keywords: Cataract extraction; Endophthalmitis; Antibiotic prophylaxis; Injections; Cefuroxime

Abstract

PURPOSE: To compare endothelial corneal cell changes following cataract surgery performed by phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation, conducted by surgeons with varying levels of experience.
METHODS: Two hundred and eighty-three eyes diagnosed with cataract were included. Lens opacity was classified into three categories (I, II, and III). Surgeons were categorized into four experience levels (1, 2, 3, and 4), based on years of practice and lifetime surgeries performed. Corneal endothelial characteristics were assessed using non-contact specular microscopy, with measurements taken before surgery and 30-60 days post-surgery.
RESULTS: Pre- and postoperative endothelial analysis showed no significant differences between surgeon levels regarding visual acuity achieved, corneal thickness, and endothelial hexagonality. However, the central endothelial cell density index showed a significantly greater reduction among level 1 surgeons (p=0.026). Grade II cataracts exhibited significant variations in the central endothelial cell density (p=0.011) and average cell size, with level 1 surgeons showing the largest increases (p=0.024).
CONCLUSIONS: The analysis revealed significant differences in visual acuity and endothelial indices between surgeon experience levels, with less experienced surgeons showing greater variations and poorer performance. Clinical protocols should consider these data to establish safer training protocols.

Keywords: Cataract extraction; Phacoemulsification; Endothelium; corneal; Lens implantation, intraocular; Visual acuity; Internship and residency; Surgeons

Abstract

Uma paciente de 38 anos desenvolveu afacia e ani­ridia secundárias a um trauma, levando à perda da visão. Para melhorar sua visão, um complexo de íris e lente intraocular (Reper^®) foi fixado à esclera com a técnica de flange duplo de Canabrava. Houve um aumento satisfatório na acuidade visual do paciente e nenhuma complicação foi observada durante o acompanhamento de 6 meses. A técnica de Canabrava simplifica e melhora a fixação do complexo de íris e lente intraocular na esclera. É uma opção segura que não requer retalhos ou pontos esclerais.

Keywords: Afacia/etiologia; Aniridia; Implante de lente intrao­cular; Lentes intraoculares; Esclera/cirurgia; Acuidade visual; Humanos; Relatos de casos.

Abstract

Staphylococcus hominis (S. hominis) é um estafilococo coagulase-negativo e uma causa pouco frequente de endoftalmite. Devido à sua capacidade de produzir biofilme, especialmente em pacientes diabéticos, cepas dessa bactéria podem adquirir resistência a antibióticos. Este relato apresenta dois casos de endoftalmite por S. hominis: um de endoftalmite aguda após injeção intravítrea de bevacizumabe e outro de endoftalmite crônica após trauma ocular penetrante não diagnosticado. Embora existam apenas quatro casos de endoftalmite por S. hominis publicados na literatura, até onde sabemos não houve nenhum caso publicado anteriormente após bevacizumabe intravítreo.

Keywords: Endoftalmite; Infecção ocular bacteriana; Staphylococcus hominis/isolamento & purificação; Bevacizumab; Injeção intravítrea; Humanos; Relato de caso.

Abstract

We present a case report detailing the successful phacoemulsification surgery with artificial iris implantation for two individuals with oculocutaneous albinism. These women suffered from cataracts, resulting in reduced visual acuity and heightened photophobia due to iris pigmentary epithelium deficiency. The patients underwent phacoemulsification along with prosthetic artificial iris implantation into the posterior chamber. This intervention resulted in improved visual acuity, reduced photophobia and glare, and an overall enhanced quality of life. Our report highlights two cases of successful phacoemulsification and artificial iris implantation in patients with oculocutaneous albinism and cataracts, leading to improved visual acuity, reduced photophobia, and enhanced quality of life. Notably, there are no prior records in South American literature of cataract surgery combined with artificial iris implantation for oculocutaneous albinism patients up to the time of this publication.

Keywords: Cataract extraction; Albinism, oculocutaneous; Lens implantation, intraocular

Abstract

Endophthalmitis is a severe form of purulent inflammation caused by the infection of the intraocular tissues or fluids. This infection infrequently occurs through endogenous routes, which are often correlated with major risk factors. Escherichia coli, a gram-negative rod, can cause endophthalmitis through hematogenous spread. We here report a 59-year-old man who presented to our service with acute visual impairment in his left eye, preceded by floaters. He was taking sirolimus and azathioprine for a transplanted kidney, had undergone catheterization for bladder atresia, and had a history of recurrent E. coli urinary tract infections. On evaluation, the left eye exhibited visual acuity of hand motion, anterior chamber reaction (3+/4+), and intense vitritis (4+/4+) with white flake clusters, which prevented appropriate retinal evaluation. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed, and the culture yielded E. coli. The present case highlights the importance of identifying the signs and symptoms of infection early so that diagnosis and treatment of endophthalmitis can be promptly initiated.

Keywords: Endophthalmitis; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli infections; Eye infections, Bacterial; Sepsis; Vitrectomy; Anti-bacterial agents/therapeutic use; Humans; Case reports

Abstract

Paciente do sexo masculino, 33 anos, apresentou ceratite infecciosa subaguda unilateral 4 semanas após a cirurgia. A inflamação da córnea foi resistente aos regimes de antibióticos tópicos padrão. A aba da córnea foi derretida e seccionada durante o levantamento e amostragem para diagnóstico. A melhora clínica só foi alcançada após levantamento do retalho, raspagem e diagnóstico microbiológico de micobactérias atípicas e tratamento com amicacina fortificada tópica, claritromicina e claritromicina sistêmica.

Keywords: Córnea/microbiologia; Úlcera da córnea; Infecções oculares bacterianas; Mycobacterium abscessus; Procedimentos cirúrgicos refrativos; Ceratomileuse assistida por excimer laser in situ; Amicacina/uso terapêutico; Claritromicina/uso terapêutico; Humanos; Re

Abstract

Angle-closure glaucoma is a major cause of visual impairment worldwide, with Plateau iris syndrome presenting management challenges. We present a case report of a 58-year-old woman with advanced, uncontrolled angle-closure glaucoma and Plateau iris. Her history included laser peripheral iridotomy and three glaucoma medications in both eyes. Different treatments were implemented. For the eye with lower intraocular pressure, fewer peripheral anterior synechiae, and milder disease: phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. For the eye with more advanced disease, a two-step approach was used: slow-coagulation transscleral cyclophotocoagulation using the double-arc protocol, followed by phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation 2 months later. Both eyes achieved improved visual acuity and intraocular pressure control with fewer medications, without significant complications. This case highlights transscleral cyclophotocoagulation followed by phacoemulsification as an alternative to combined surgeries in uncontrolled angle-closure glaucoma with Plateau iris, offering a simpler technique, more predictable refractive and pressure-control outcomes, and more straightforward postoperative management.

Keywords: Glaucoma, angle-closure/surgery; Iris diseases/surgery; Laser coagulation/methods; Phacoemulsification; Lens implantation, intraocular; Case reports

Abstract

Aging and face sagging have many causes, and various techniques are used for treatment, including noninvasive procedures, such as focused ultrasound, which uses the principle of collagen regeneration by coagulative necrosis of the dermis layers using radiofrequency, but this procedure has complications. We reported a case of a 54-year-old female patient who complained of poor visual acuity in her right eye three days after a focused ultrasound facial aesthetic procedure, with the best visual acuity of 20/60. Biomicroscopy of the right eye revealed an acute cataract with three points of fibrosis extending from the posterior to the anterior capsule. The patient underwent phacoemulsification surgery with visual rehabilitation and improved vision of 20/20. We hypothesized that the occurrence of acute cataract was related to the inappropriate use of focused ultrasound.

Keywords: Cosmetic techniques; Skin aging; Rejuvenation; Ultrasonic therapy/adverse effects; High-intensity focused ultrasound ablation/methods; Cataract/etiology; Phacoemulsification; Lens implantation, intraocular; Visual acuity; Humans; Middle age; Female; Case

Abstract

Relato de uma técnica que combina o implante de uma lente intraocular com fixação intraescleral sem sutura e uma ceratoplastia endotelial da membrana de Descemet em paciente com ceratopatia bolhosa pseudofácica anterior. Foram criados dois túneis esclerais. Foram feitas incisões na córnea e a lente intraocular dobrável foi cortada e removida da câmara anterior. Foi então efetuada uma vitrectomia anterior e uma lente intraocular dobrável de 3 peças foi implantada na câmara anterior. Um dos hápticos da lente intraocular foi pinçado com um fórceps e puxado para fora do túnel escleral. A extremidade do háptico foi cauterizada. Manobras semelhantes foram feitas no outro háptico. Foi preparado um tecido de doador com 8 mm de diâmetro e o tecido endotelial da área receptora foi removido do centro da córnea. O tecido preparado do doador foi injetado na câmara anterior. Após abertura e posicionamento adequados do tecido do doador, foi injetada uma bolha de ar abaixo do tecido. Não foi observada nenhuma complicação pós-operatória durante um mês de acompanhamento.

Keywords: Lâmina limitante posterior; Ceratoplastia penetrante; Implante de lente intraocular; Lentes intraoculares; Esclera/cirurgia; Humanos; Relatos de casos