Only articles sent in English will be reviewed. Manuscripts are categorized into the following types based on the methodology used:
Clinical studies
Descriptive or analytical studies involving humans or evaluating the literature relevant to humans.
Epidemiological studies
Analytical studies involving results from human populations.
Laboratory experimental studies
Descriptive or analytical studies involving animal models or other biological, physical, or chemical techniques.
Theoretical studies
Descriptive studies involving the description and theoretical analysis of new hypotheses based on the knowledge available in the literature. Theoretical results must add new information to the literature.
Accepted Document Types
Manuscripts submitted to ABO should fit into one of the aforementioned categories according to their format. The maximum number of words, figures, tables and references for each type of manuscript are provided in parentheses at the end of the description for each type. The word count of the manuscript includes the text from the beginning of the introduction up to the end of the discussion. Therefore, the following items are not included in the word count: title page, abstract, references, acknowledgments, tables, figures, and legends.
Editorials
Editorials are contributed by invitation and should be related to topics of current interest, preferentially related to articles published in the same issue of ABO (title, maximum of 1,000 words, 2 figures or tables, and 10 references).
Original Articles
Original Articles present complete experiments with results that have never been published before (title, structured abstract, maximum of 3,000 words, 8 figures or tables, and 30 references). The evaluation of the manuscripts is based on the following priorities:
* Manuscripts that contain speculative conclusions unsubstantiated by the results or are based on a study with inappropriate methodology will not be accepted.
Letters to the Editor
Letters to the editor are considered for publication if they contain comments related to manuscripts previously published in ABO or, exceptionally, the results of original studies with content insufficient to be submitted as original article. These letters should present new information or a new interpretation of existing information. When the content of a letter refers to an article previously published in ABO, such an article should be mentioned in the first paragraph of the letter and included in its reference list. In these cases, letters will be linked to the article, and the authors of the article will have their right of reply guaranteed in the same issue. Congratulation letters will not be published (title, maximum of 700 words, 2 figures or tables, and 5 references).
Review Articles
Review articles should follow the editorial guidelines and are accepted by invitation only by the editor. Suggestions of topics for review articles should be sent directly to the editor. However, manuscripts cannot be submitted without an invitation (title, unstructured abstract, maximum of 4,000 words, 8 figures or tables, and 100 references).
Eye Images
These include typical images in ophthalmology demonstrating clinical signs, surgeries, microscopy, ultrasonography, optical coherence computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, followed by an explanatory text (maximum of 150 words and 5 references).
The image can be either a single picture or a composite figure of up to 4 related images. Images should be of high quality, with good resolution and clarity. If the image includes identifiable information about a patient, authors must obtain written informed consent from the patient or their legal guardian.
Authors’ Contributions
The Author Contributions Form shall be inserted in the text, indicating full name of each author in all items that they contributed, using the template below and inserting it filled out at the end of the manuscript before the References (only one filled form for all authors. It is not necessary to insert one for each author).
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS:
Significant contribution to conception and design:
Data Acquisition:
Data Analysis and Interpretation:
Manuscript Drafting:
Significant intellectual content revision of the manuscript:
Have given final approval of the submitted manuscript (mandatory participation for all authors):
Statistical analysis:
Obtaining funding:
Supervision of administrative, technical, or material support:
Research group leadership:
Manuscript Preparation
Manuscripts should only be submitted online using the appropriate interface of ABO. The following guidelines were based on the format suggested by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and published as Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals.
Only the manuscripts complying with these guidelines will be considered for review.
All authors are required to link their ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) record to their ScholarOne account (how to associate your ORCID).
The text should be sent as a digital file. Only .doc or .docx files are accepted. The text should be typed double-spaced, in 12-point font. The pages should be numbered in Arabic numerals, and each section should start on a new page.
The manuscript should be structured as follows: Title page, Abstract and Keywords, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgments (if any), Author Contributions Form and References.
Article Submission Format
1. Title Page. This page should contain the following: a) title (no more than 135 characters with spaces); b) running title to be used as a page heading (no more than 60 characters with spaces); c) authors’ names as they should appear in print; d) each author’s affiliation* (city, state, country and, if applicable, department, school, and university); e) corresponding author’s name, address, phone number, and e-mail; f) sources of financial support (if any); g) project number and institution responsible for the ethical approval, or the Research Ethics Committee; h) statement of conflicts of interests of all authors; and I) clinical trial registration number on a public trial registry.
* Professional or academic degrees and job position will not be published.
2. Approval of the Institutional Review Board. On the title page, all retrospective, cross-sectional, or prospective studies involving primary data collection or clinical and surgical reports should include the project number and name of the institutional IRB that approved the study. Studies involving humans should be compliant with the Declaration of Helsinki, whereas studies involving animals should be in accordance with the principles suggested by the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.
3. Statement of conflicts of interest. The title page should contain the statement of conflicts of interest of all authors (even if there is no conflict of interest). For more information about potential conflicts of interest, refer to the World Association of Medical Editors: Conflict of interest in peer-reviewed medical journals.
4. Clinical Trials. All clinical trials shall include on the title page the registration number from an international registry that allows free access to trial information (e.g., U.S. National Institutes of Health, Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number –ISRCTN, University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry –UMIN CTR, Netherlands Trial Register, and Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos – ReBEC).
5. Abstract and Keywords. Structured abstracts (Objective, Methods, Results, and Conclusions) should have no more than 300 words, whereas unstructured abstracts should have no more than 150 words. After the abstract, five keywords in English listed by the National Library of Medicine (MeSH - Medical Subject Headings) are provided.
6. Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. In the text, citations should be presented as superscript Arabic numerals in parentheses (Vancouver Style). The names of the authors should not be mentioned in the text.
7. Acknowledgments. This section should include the collaboration of people, groups, or institutions that deserve to be acknowledged but do not meet the criteria for authorship. Statisticians and medical editors may meet the criteria for authorship and thus should be acknowledged as authors. When they do not meet the criteria for authorship, they should be mentioned in this section. Writers who are not identified in the manuscript cannot be accepted as authors; therefore, professional writers should be mentioned in this section.
8. Author Contributions. In this section, the authors must provide the contribution of each author to the manuscript. Use initials to refer for each author name to: conceptualization of the manuscript and development of the methodology, data collection and curation, data analysis, data interpretation, funding acquisition and resources and project administration, supervision, writing the original draft of the manuscript, and writing–review and editing. All authors read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
9. References. Citations (references) of authors in the text should be in Vancouver Style, numbered sequentially as they are cited and identified using superscript Arabic numerals. References should be in accordance with the format suggested by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).
10. Abbreviations and Acronyms. Abbreviations and acronyms should be preceded by the spelled-out abbreviation on the first mention in the text and in the legends of tables and figures (even if they have been previously mentioned in the text). Titles and abstracts should not contain abbreviations and acronyms.
11. Units of Measurement: Values of physical quantities should be used in accordance with the standards of the International System of Units.
12. Language. Texts should be clear to be considered appropriate for publication in a scientific journal. Use short sentences, written in a direct and active voice. Foreign words should be in italics. Therapeutic agents should be mentioned by their generic names with the following information in parentheses: trade name, manufacturer’s name, city, state, and country of origin. All instruments or apparatus should be mentioned including their trade name, manufacturer’s name, city, state, and country of origin. The superscript symbol of trademark ® or ™ should be used in all names of instruments or trade names of drugs. Whenever there are doubts about the style, terminology, units of measurement, and related issues, refer to the AMA Manual of Style 10th edition.
13. Original Documents. Corresponding authors should keep the original documents and the letter of approval from the Research Ethics Committee for studies involving humans or animals, consent form signed by all patients, statement of agreement with the full content of the study signed by all authors, statement of conflict of interest of all authors, and records of the data collected for the study results.
14. Corrections and Retractions. Errors may be noted in published manuscripts that require the publication of a correction. However, some errors pointed out by any reader may invalidate the results or the authorship of a manuscript. If substantial doubt arises about the honesty or integrity of a submitted manuscript, it is the editor's responsibility to exclude the possibility of fraud. In these situations, the editor will inform the institutions involved and the funding agencies about the suspicion and wait for their final decision. If there is confirmation of a fraudulent publication in ABO, the editor will act in compliance with the protocols suggested by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
Checklist
Before submitting the manuscript, authors should ensure that all the following items are adhered to:
Digital Assets
Tables and Figures should be sent as supplementary documents, separately from the main file. They must be mentioned in the text.
Tables
Tables should be numbered sequentially using Arabic numerals in the order they are mentioned in the text. All tables should have a title and a heading for all columns. Their format should be simple, with no vertical lines or color in the background. All abbreviations (even if previously defined in the text) and statistical tests should be explained below the table. When the table is extracted from another study, provide the bibliographical source of the table. Do not include tables in the main document of the manuscript; they should be uploaded as supplementary documents in DOC or DOCX format.
Figures (graphs, photos, illustrations, and charts)
Figures should be numbered sequentially using Arabic numerals in the order they are mentioned in the text. The figures will be published by ABO at no cost to the authors.
Graphs should be in shades of gray on a white background and without three-dimensional or depth effects. Instead of using pie charts, data should be included in tables or described in the text.
Photos and illustrations should have a minimum resolution of 300 DPI for the size of the publication (about 2,500 x 3,300 pixels for a full page). Image quality is considered in the evaluation of the manuscript.
The main document should contain all figure legends, typed double-spaced and numbered using Arabic numerals.
Do not embed figures in the main text. They should be uploaded as supplementary documents in JPG or TIF format.
Citations and References
Citations (references) of authors in the text should be numbered sequentially as they are cited and identified using superscript Arabic numerals (Vancouver Style). References should be in accordance with the format suggested by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), based on the examples below.
The titles of the journals should be abbreviated according to the style provided by the National Library of Medicine.
The names of all authors should be cited for references with up to six authors. For studies with seven or more authors, cite only the first six authors followed by et al.
Examples of references
Journal articles
Azad R, Sinha S, Nishant P. Asymmetric diabetic retinopathy. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021;69(11):3026-34.
Books
Nakanami CR, Zin A, Belfort Jr. R. Oftalmopediatria. São Paulo: Roca; 2010.
Book chapters
Kriger FT, Schor P. Anatomia e fisiologia. In: Nakanami CR, Zin A, Belfort Jr. R. Oftalmopediatria. São Paulo: Roca; 2010. p.1-38.
Thesis/dissertation
Andrade Júnior N. Influência da ceratometria e profundidade de câmara anterior obtidas pela biometria óptica e por sistema Scheimpflug na predição do poder dióptrico de lente intraocular multifocal calculada para emetropia [tese]. São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina; 2018.
Electronic documents
Alimaw YA, Hussen MS, Tefera TK, Yibekal BT. Knowledge about cataract and associated factors among adults in Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2019;14(4):e0215809. [cited 2019 May 18]. Available from: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0215809
Books
Tran K, Ryce A. Laser refractive surgery for vision correction: a review of clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Ottawa(ON): Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; 2018. [cited 2019 Jan 21]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532537/
Book chapters
Adams N, Skelton D, Bailey C, Howel D, Coe D, Lampitt R, et al. Visually impaired Older people’s exercise program for fails prevention (VIOLET): a feasibility study. Southampton (UK): NIHR Journals Library; 2019. (Public Health Research, n.7.4). Chapter 2. Stakeholder involvement in the adaptation of the falls management exercise program: conduct and results of focus groups [cited 2019 Feb 12]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536869/
Thesis/Dissertation
Lima VF de. Comparação da densidade óptica de pigmento macular em pacientes diabéticos e indivíduos normais: avaliação dos principais métodos e associação com a idade [tese]. São Paulo: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina 2013. [cited 2019 May 19]. Available from: http://repositorio.unifesp.br/bitstream/handle/11600/23216/Tese-14375.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Supplementary Documents
As a supplementary document, the corresponding author should send the IRB approval or its report stating that the evaluation of the project by the committee is not necessary. The author cannot decide on the need for evaluation by the Research Ethics Committee.
Letter of approval by the Human or Animal Research Ethics Committee of the organization where the study was conducted. Studies conducted in Brazil must provide the number of the CAAE - Certificate of Presentation for Ethical Consideration (https://plataformabrasil.saude.gov.br/login.jsf).
For Eye Images, if the image includes identifiable information about a patient, the authors must obtain written informed consent from the patient or their legal guardian.
All authors should send the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors: Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest as supplementary documents (one filled form for each author).
All authors should send the Open Science Compliance Form as a mandatory document, attached in the “Open Science Compliance Form” field.
Funding Statement
Studies that obtained financial support must indicate the name of the institution and the process number on the Title Page, in addition to indicating, on the Author Contributions form, the author(s) responsible for obtaining this support.
Contact
ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE OFTALMOLOGIA
Official publication of the Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology - Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia (CBO).
Rua Casa do Ator, 1.117 - 2nd floor - Zip Code: 04546-004
São Paulo - SP, Brazil
TEL: +55 11 3266-4000
E-mail: [email protected]
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