RESUMO

Objetivos: Investigar o efeito do nível de hemoglobina A1c (HbA1c) na espessura macular central e na espessura da coróide central, nasal e temporal em pacientes com diabetes mellitus gestacional.
Métodos: Este estudo retrospectivo incluiu 82 olhos de 41 pacientes diagnosticadas com diabetes mellitus gestacional, as quais fizeram um teste de tolerância oral à glicose de 75 g entre 24 e 28 semanas de gestação. As pacientes foram divididas em dois grupos de acordo com o nível de hemoglobina A1c (hemoglobina A1c <6,0% e hemoglobina A1c ≥6,0%). Todas as pacientes foram submetidas a exame oftalmológico completo e, a espessura macular central, a espessura central, nasal e temporal da coroide foram mensuradas por tomografia de coerência óptica.
Resultados: Durante o período do estudo, das 3.016 gestantes triadas, 7,5% (n=228) foram diagnosticadas com diabetes mellitus gestacional. Destas, 41 pacientes foram analisadas de acordo com os critérios do estudo. Houve 48 olhos de 24 pacientes no primeiro grupo com hemoglobina A1c <6,0% e 34 olhos de 17 pacientes no segundo grupo com hemoglobina A1c ≥6,0%. Os valores médios do índice de massa corporal foram de 30,8 ± 3,3 e 35,1 ± 9,0, respectivamente (p=0,002). As taxas referentes ao uso de insulina foram de 29,2% e 76,5%, respectivamente (p=0,000). Os valores médios da espessura macular central foram medidos em 250,8 ± 14,3 μm e 260,9 ± 18,1 μm, respectivamente e a diferença foi significativa entre os dois grupos (p=0,008).
Conclusões: Embora os valores do índice de massa corporal e da espessura macular central tenham sido significativamente maiores no Grupo 2 com hemoglobina A1c alta, não houve diferenças nas medidas de espessura coroidal central, nasal e temporal entre os dois grupos.

Descritores: Diabetes mellitus gestacional; HbA1c; Espessura macular central; Espessura da coroide central; Tomografia de coerência óptica

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To investigate the effect of hemoglobin A1c level on central macular thickness and central, nasal, and temporal choroidal thickness in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.
Methods: This retrospective study included 41 patients who had been diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus and undergone a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. They were divided into two groups based on their hemoglobin A1c level (group 1: hemoglobin A1c <6.0% and group 2: hemoglobin A1c ≥6.0%). All patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination. The central macular thickness and central, nasal, and temporal choroidal thickness were measured using optical coherence tomography.
Results: Of the 3,016 pregnant women screened, 7.5% (n=228) were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus during the study period and 41 of these patients were included in the study. Group 1 comprised 48 eyes from 24 patients and Group 2 consisted of 34 eyes of 17 patients. The average body mass index values were 30.8 ± 3.3 and 35.1 ± 9.0, respectively (p=0.002). The insulin use rates were 29.2% and 76.5%, respectively (p=0.000). Mean central macular thickness values were 250.8 ± 14.3 μm and 260.9 ± 18.1 μm, respectively, and the difference was significant (p=0.008).
Conclusions: Although the body mass index and central macular thickness values were significantly higher in Group 2, there was no difference in the central, nasal, and temporal choroidal thickness between the two groups.

Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus; HbA1c; Central macular thickness; Central choroid thickness; Optical coherence tomography

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