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Abstract

Reportamos o caso de homem previamente hígido, 48 anos, com paralisia isolada do nervo abducente 18 dias após infecção pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19) confirmada por reação cadeia polimerase de transcriptase reversa. A principal queixa do paciente na admissão era diplopia. O exame ocular revelou paralisia do sexto nervo craniano do olho esquerdo. Esotropia incomitante no exame inicial media 30 dioptrias prismáticas. Abdução estava limitada com adução completa no olho esquerdo. O paciente foi submetido a investigação clínica e neurológica com exame de neuroimagem, incluindo análise de amostra do líquido cefalorraquidiano para descartar causas infecciosas. Optou-se por abordagem conservadora com terapia ortóptica e prisma de Fresnel. Oito meses após a infecção pelo COVID-19, o paciente evoluiu com regressão do estrabismo e informou recuperação completa do quadro. Este relato sugere que paralisia isolada do nervo abducente causada por SARS-CoV-2 pode melhorar com abordagem conservadora.

Keywords: Infecções por coronavirus; Doenças do nervo abducente; Estrabismo; Vírus da SARS; Transtornos da motilidade ocular; Humanos; Relatos de casos

Abstract

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on cataract surgery by residents who had mandatory surgical simulator training during residency.
METHODS: In this retrospective, observational analytical study, the total number of cataract surgeries and surgical complications by all senior residents of 2019 (2019 class; prepandemic) and 2020 (2020 class; affected by the reduced number of elective surgeries due to the COVID-19 pandemic) were collected and compared. All residents had routine mandatory cataract surgery training on a virtual surgical simulator during residency. The total score obtained by these residents on cataract challenges of the surgical simulator was also evaluated.
RESULTS: The 2020 and 2019 classes performed 1275 and 2561 cataract surgeries, respectively. This revealed a reduction of 50.2% in the total number of procedures performed by the 2020 class because of the pandemic. The incidence of surgical complications was not statistically different between the two groups (4.2% in the 2019 class and 4.9% in the 2020 class; p=0.314). Both groups also did not differ in their mean scores on the simulator’s cataract challenges (p<0.696).
CONCLUSION: Despite the reduction of 50.2% in the total number of cataract surgeries performed by senior residents of 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of surgical complications did not increase. This suggests that surgical simulator training during residency mitigated the negative effects of the reduced surgical volume during the pandemic.

Keywords: COVID-19; Pandemics; Cataract extraction/education; Internship and residency/methods; Simulation training/methods; Phacoemulsification/education; Surgery, computer-assisted; Computer simulation; Clinical competence; Ophthalmology/education