RESUMO

OBJETIVOS: Estudar a habilidade diagnóstica do tomógrafo retiniano de Heidelberg (HRT II), GDx analisador de fibras nervosas (GDx), perimetria azul-amarelo (SWAP), tecnologia de frequência duplicada (FDT) isoladamente e em conjunto no diagnóstico do glaucoma. MÉTODOS: Sessenta glaucomatosos e 60 pacientes normais foram submetidos a exames de HRT II, GDx, SWAP e FDT. HRT foi considerado alterado quando pelo menos uma região do anel neurorretiniano esteve fora dos limites da normalidade, conforme a análise de regressão de Moorfields. GDx alterado foi definido quando pelo menos um índice foi considerado pelo programa do equipamento como fora dos limites normais, excluindo-se o índice simetria, ou ainda quando no gráfico "the deviation from normal graph" apareceu um quadrante com significância abaixo de 5%. O FDT foi considerado anormal quando pelo menos uma região testada apresentou-se com defeito severo ou com a presença de dois defeitos moderados contíguos. Para o SWAP foram adotados os critérios de anormalidade propostos por Anderson. Análise de regressão logística foi realizada. RESULTADOS: Quando foram estudadas as tecnologias isoladamente, a análise de regressão logística apresentou melhores índices de razão das chances para glaucoma com exames positivos para o HRT (22,49), seguido pelo SWAP (21,71). FDT (3,97) e GDx (2,73). Quando se associaram exames positivos de diferentes tecnologias, as razões das chances aumentaram. Nos casos com exames de HRT, FDT e SWAP fora dos limites normais, a razão das chances foi de 252,6 e com HRT, SWAP e GDx alterados, 173,1. Quando associamos exames positivos de diferentes tecnologias, a razão das chances dos pacientes serem glaucomatosos aumentou consideravelmente, chegando a 689,7 com todos os exames fora dos limites normais, o que ocorreu em 26 pacientes deste estudo. CONCLUSÕES: A análise de regressão logística confirmou que a presença de exames alterados de HRT ou SWAP apresentam as maiores razões das chances de glaucoma. A associação de exames alterados aumentou a razão das chances, principalmente, quando o HRT e o SWAP estavam fora dos limites normais.

Descritores: Glaucoma; Polarimetria de varredura a laser; Perimetria; Oftalmoscopia

ABSTRACT

PURPOSES: In this research was studied the diagnostic ability of the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph (HRT II), GDx nerve fiber analyzer (GDx), Short-wavelenght Automated Perimetry (SWAP) and Frequency-doubling technology (FDT), all of them together and also separately in the diagnosis of glaucoma. METHODS: Sixty glaucomatous patients and 60 normal ones were submitted to examination with the technology of HRT II, GDx, FDT and SWAP. In the interpretation of HRT, based on the Moorfields regression analysis, were considered abnormal when at least one area of the neuroretinal ring was outside the bounds of normality. GDx was defined as altered, when it was observed that at least one index was considered by equipment program as outside of normal limits, excluding the index symmetry, or when "the deviation from normal graph" appeared a quadrant with significance below 5%. The FDT was considered abnormal when at least one region tested presented with severe defects, or two contiguous moderate defects in at least two reliable tests. For SWAP was adopted the abnormality criteria proposed by Anderson. Logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: When the technologies were studied separately, the Logistic regression analysis showed better odds ratio rates to test positive for glaucoma with HRT (22.49), followed by EAP (21.71), FDT (3.97) and GDx (2.73). When positive tests were associated with different technologies, the odds ratios increased. In cases with HRT, FDT and PAA tests, outside normal bounds, the odds ratio was 252.6. Concerning the HRT, GDx and PAA the result have changed to 173.1. When we associate positive tests from different technologies, the odds ratio of glaucomatous patients have increased considerably, reaching 689.7 with all the tests outside normal bounds, which have happened with 26 patients of this study. CONCLUSIONS: The Logistic Regression analysis confirmed that the abnormal tests of HRT and PAA have shown to be the highest reasons for glaucoma occurrence. The association of abnormal tests increased the odds ratio, especially when the HRT and PAA were out of normal bounds.

Keywords: Glaucoma; Scanning laser polarimetry; Perimetry; Ophthalmoscopy

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