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Abstract

Objetivo: Este estudo visa a criação de um programa para a formação de uma base de dados dos pacientes com diagnóstico de glaucoma pediátrico do Departamento de oftalmologia e ciências visuais da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. O armazenamento das informações se dará por meio de uma plataforma digital, possibilitando que outros centros também possam cadastrar pacientes. Este registro será uma ferramenta importante para avaliar o perfil dos pacientes e agrupá-los, permitindo identificar fatores de risco, estimar prevalência e recrutar indivíduos para futuras pesquisas.
Métodos: Um formulário on-line foi projetado para criar um registro de pacientes com diagnóstico de glaucoma congênito do Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Além disso, um estudo piloto foi conduzido para validar a base de dados criada.
Resultados: Foi criado um questionário usando a plataforma Google Forms, de preenchimento online e armazenamento na nuvem, para registro dos pacientes com diagnóstico de glaucoma infantil do Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Tal registro permite armazenar dados epidemiológicos e clínicos, detectar padrões e avaliar o tratamento atual de crianças com glaucoma da infância, com a possibilidade de intercâmbio e uso de informações com outros centros, já que a coleta e o armazenamento dos dados se dá de forma online. O formulário é extenso e engloba dados sociais, histórico gestacional, antecedentes familiares, dados clínicos de entrada no nosso centro e o tratamento recebido.
Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou que o Google Forms é uma ferramenta útil para coleta e análise de dados estatísticos, facilitando o processo de registro de pacientes e análise de informações. A criação do questionário online e a consequente análise das informações permitirá o maior conhecimento do perfil dos pacientes acompanhados em nosso centro e, com a centralização dos dados num ambiente único - nuvem digital - tornar-se-á possível criar um banco de dados online multicêntrico que permitirá a identificação de fatores de risco e avaliar o resultado das intervenções e tratamentos, assim como recrutar as crianças para pesquisas futuras.

Keywords: Glaucoma; Glaucoma congênito; Banco de dados; Epidemiologia; Criança

Abstract

Objetivo: Investigar picos de pressão intraocular em pacientes fácicos e pseudofácicos com glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto no teste de sobrecarga hídrica.
Método: Quarenta pacientes com glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto foram avaliados; vinte eram fácicos e vinte eram pseudofácicos. Um olho (selecionado aleatoriamente) foi incluído no estudo, todos os pacientes foram submetidos às curvas da pressão intraocular imediatamente após o teste de sobrecarga hídrica.
Resultados: Observou-se uma diferença estatisticamente significante na média dos picos nas curvas da pressão intraocular para os pacientes fácicos e pseudofácicos (p=0,045). Houve diferença estatisticamente significante nos picos da pressão intraocular no teste de sobrecarga hídrica entre os grupos, sendo observados valores mais altos nos pacientes fácicos (p=0,004).
Conclusão: Os picos da pressão intraocular no teste de sobrecarga hídrica foram maiores no grupo fácico que no grupo pseudofácico.

Keywords: Glaucoma de ângulo aberto; Técnicas de diagnóstico oftalmológico; Água potável; Pressão intraocular

Abstract

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the safety and effectiveness of intraocular pressure reduction between micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation and “slow cook” transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in patients with refractory primary open-angle glaucoma.
METHODS: We included patients with primary open angle glaucoma with at least 12 months of follow-up. We collected and analyzed data on the preoperative characteristics and postoperative outcomes. The primary outcomes were a reduction of ≥20% of the baseline value (criterion A) and/or intraocular pressure between 6 and 21 mmHg (criterion B).
RESULTS: We included 128 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma. The preoperative mean intraocular pressure was 25.53 ± 6.40 and 35.02 ± 12.57 mmHg in the micropulse- and “slow cook” transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p<0.001). The mean intraocular pressure was reduced significantly to 14.33 ± 3.40 and 15.37 ± 5.85 mmHg in the micropulse- and “slow cook” transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups at the last follow-up, respectively (p=0.110). The mean intraocular pressure reduction at 12 months was 11.20 ± 11.46 and 19.65 ± 13.22 mmHg in the micropulse- and “slow cook” transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p<0.001). The median preoperative logMAR visual acuity was 0.52 ± 0.69 and 1.75 ± 1.04 in the micropulse- and “slow cook” transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p<0.001). The mean visual acuity variation was -0.10 ± 0.35 and -0.074 ± 0.16 in the micropulse- and “slow cook” transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, respectively (p=0.510). Preoperatively, the mean eye drops were 3.44 ± 1.38 and 2.89 ± 0.68 drugs in the micropulse- and “slow cook” transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p=0.017), but those were 2.06 ± 1.42 and 1.02 ± 1.46 at the end of the study in the slow cook” and micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p<0.001). The success of criterion A was not significant between both groups. Compared with 11 eyes (17.74%) in the slow cook” transscleral cyclophotocoagulation group, 19 eyes (28.78%) in the micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation group showed complete success (p=0.171). For criterion B, 28 (42.42%) and 2 eyes (3.22%) showed complete success after micropulse- and slow cook” transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, respectively (p<0.001).
CONCLUSION: Both techniques reduced intraocular pressure effectively.

Keywords: Sclera/surgery; Glaucoma, open-angle/surgery; Ciliary body/surgery; Intraocular pressure; Laser coagulation/methods; Lasers, semiconductor; Comparative study; Effectiveness

Abstract

PURPOSE:To evaluate ocular findings in children born to mothers who were infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during pregnancy.
METHODS: This prospective observational study was conducted in Brasília, Brazil, between October 2020 and 2021. Children born to mothers with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy were included and compared with a control group of nonexposed children. All participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination performed by pediatric ophthalmologists, including assessment of ocular motility, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, cycloplegic refraction, intraocular pressure measurement, central corneal pachymetry, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and retinal imaging. Maternal and neonatal clinical data were also collected. Ocular parameters were compared between the exposed and control groups.
RESULTS: A total of 84 children were evaluated, including 70 exposed to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection and 14 nonexposed controls. The mean gestational age was 38.3±1.8 weeks, and the mean birth weight was 3,192±492 g. No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of ocular motility, anterior or posterior segment findings, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, or refractive status. Isolated findings, including epicanthus and congenital ptosis, were observed in a small number of children but were not significantly associated with maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection.
CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective cohort, no significant ocular abnormalities were identified in children exposed in utero to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with nonexposed controls. However, the relatively small and unbalanced control group limits the strength of these findings, which should not be interpreted as evidence that maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection does not affect ocular development. Larger prospective studies with adequately sized and balanced comparison groups are warranted to further investigate the potential ocular effects of prenatal SARS-CoV-2 exposure.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Pregnancy; Infants; Ocular findings; Vertical transmission; Ophthalmology